“We think that a high binding affinity at these hot spots helps explain the high fitness of the virus in humans.” “With a set of computational approaches, we were able to predict the strongest binding spots between NEMO and Mpro,” co-first author and ORNL scientist Erica Prates said. Applying quantum chemistry, they found that Mpro likely has the highest binding affinity in SARS-CoV-2 compared to the other primary coronaviruses. To predict how well Mpro binds to NEMO, researchers used the Summit supercomputer at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility, combining molecular dynamics simulations with five machine learning models. “Although current antiviral drugs can target Mpro, seeing the molecular details of how Mpro attacks NEMO will help us develop new treatments in the future as Mpro mutates.” “The crystal structures of NEMO and Mpro provide us with the targets to develop treatments that stop these cuts from happening,” SLAC scientist and co-first author Mikhail Ali Hameedi said. A separate study by researchers at institutions in Germany found that the loss of NEMO by the action of Mpro could lead to damage in certain brain cells, causing neurological symptoms observed in COVID-19 patients, the researchers said. NEMO is a critical part of the human immune systems protective inflammatory response when cut it helps the virus evade innate immune responses. Solving the crystal structure revealed Mpro’s binding sites and was one of the first steps to stopping the protein.” “Stopping Mpro could slow down how fast the virus takes over a body. “If you can block the sites where Mpro binds to NEMO, you can stop this cut from happening over and over,” SSRL lead scientist and co-author Irimpan Mathews said. The images from SSRL showed the exact location of NEMO’s cut and provided the first structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro bound to a human protein. “Imagine the bad things that happen when good proteins in our bodies start getting cut into pieces.” “We saw that the virus protein cuts through NEMO as easily as sharp scissors through thin paper,” said co-senior author Soichi Wakatsuki, professor at SLAC and Stanford. Without NEMO, an immune system is slower to respond to increasing viral loads or new infections.įunnelling powerful x-rays from SLAC’s Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL) onto crystallised samples of the protein complex, revealed how Mpro attacks NEMO at the molecular level as it dismantled NEMO’s primary function of helping our immune system communicate. In addition, the synergistic effect of ZnO and Co 3O 4 also plays an important role in improving the electrochemical performance.Scientists at the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory recently witnessed the moment when a SARS-CoV-2 virus protein Mpro cut a protective protein known as NEMO, in an infected person. This excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to its unique porous hollow structure and unique heterojunction electrode interface, which improves the Li + storage capacity, increases the contact area between the electrode and the electrolyte, and improves the overall electrochemical activity. When the current density is 0.6 A/g, the discharge capacity is 420 mAh g −1. As anode of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), ZnO/Co 3O 4 has good cycling stability, the specific discharge capacity of ZnO/Co 3O 4 is stable at about 640 mAh g −1 after 200 cycles, and its coulombic efficiency (CE) is stable above 95% after the first 20 cycles. Herein, a low-temperature self-assembly calcination and hydrothermal strategy of imidazole-based Zn-Co-MOF was used. In this work, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were used as precursors to prepare Zn/Co oxide with a porous dodecahedral core-shell structure.

Core shell at